Theres No Defense for Affluenza Essay -- The Affluenza Defense

The Affluenza Defense Judge Rules Rich Kids Rich Kid-ness Makes Him Not Liable for diabolically Drunk Driving Accident -- capital of Wisconsin Gray, Time.com The relationship in the midst of motive and consequence is a complex one, and is made even more debatable when context becomes involved. Throughout our judicial history, the line between responsibility and exemption remains razor-thin in its subjectivity. If a woman murders her husband, but was abused by him for years, why is this considered different from a murder where the perpetrator wasnt abused? We take these mitigating factors into account in court, but they present a unique problem. How much and which extenuating circumstances are enough to change the article of faith? Precedents are continually being set as new mental conditions are discovered or gain new validity, so we must be able to discern the difference between defenses that are legitimate, and the Twinkie defenses. Twinkie defenses are those, which carry n o reasonable justification for diminishing the mental capacity of the defendant. The ambiguity of what we hit the sack of the mind creates this conflict, so it is important that we consider the context with care. A new defense known as Affluenza was very recently introduced into this family of mitigating factors. Affluenza claims that when an individual grows up in or is subjected to an affluent environment where the real world is shielded from them, they are unable to make the connection between their actions and their consequences. Affluenza says that the access to an excess of all the things coin can buy comes at the expense of all the things money cannot buy. With the absence of even the most basic role modeling of the relationship between caseful and... ...l Of Behavioral & Applied Management 11.3 (2010) 232-248. Academic Search Premier. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.Hobson, Jeremy. The Affluenza Defense. Here Now RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2014. .Weekday Sch edule. Newport Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2014. .Lunther, Suniya, and Shawn Latendresse. Children of the Affluent Challenges to Well Being. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2014. .de Graaf, J., Wann, D., Naylor, T. H., & Horsey, D. (2001). Affluenza The all-consuming epidemic. San Francisco, CA Berrett-Koehler Publishers.Whitely, Jason. Sentence given to Teen in Deadly Drunk Driving Crash Spurs Backlash. WFAA Wfaa.com. ABC, n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2014.

Don Bosco :: essays research papers

John was born in 1815 in Recchi, Italy. When John was two, his father died prematurely. As a boy, John lived on a farm with his family doing the only thing they knew how, farming. Poverty and a lack of formal education in the home did not stop the growth of John Bosco as a person. His mother was for real, realizing the importance of paragon in life (http//www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath-boscocamp/about.html).Getting a formal education was a constant struggle for John. The family finances be what they were, his brothers felt that he was wasting time, energy, and money and that it would be better for all if he stopped going to school and worked on the farm, earning money (http//www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath-boscocamp/about.html).At bestride nine John had a dream in which he saw himself changing children from beasts into lambs. He decided immediately to become a priest and present his life to children, and began at once. He haunted every circus and fair learned to walk tight-rop es, do acrobatics, and become a conjurer at the follow of an often broken nose (http//users.erols.com/saintpat/ss/0131.htmjohn). He must have understood physical fitness for as a youngster he was known and view as the towns acrobat and juggler. Many would assemble to witness his tricks. He was then able to provide fascinating entertainment that would end with the rosary and a verbatim repeat of the previous Sundays sermon. What was amazing is the fact that before any performance he would ask his audience to join him in prayer. God was his friend This friendship with God became powerful and slowly John prepared for the priesthood (http//www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath-boscocamp/about.html).In 1841 at the age of 26, John was ordained priest. He was now ready to make his contribution toward the poor people and homeless (http//www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca/rel/cath-boscocamp/about.html).While in Turin, the rejects of society appealed to him. His awareness of what could be in them motivated him to commit his work and style of living to the building of people. His life is undreamt as his burning love brought him to hospitals and prisons, to the troubled and the dying. His ministry forced him to beg for jobs for the boys he was helping, visited private homes, taught night classes, heard confessions, and celebrated the Eucharist. His life was deeply questioned by his confreres. He was deeply disturbing the establishment and efforts were made by the authorities to have him committed to a mental asylum.

Essay --

Jane EyreJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is a novel about an orphan girl growing up in a severe condition and how she becomes a mature woman with full of courage. Her life at Gateshead is really difficult, where she feels isolated and lives in fear in her childhood. Her parents are defunct when she was little, her dead uncle begged his evil wife, Mrs. Reed, to take care of Jane until she becomes an adult. But Mrs. Reed does not keep her promise, no one treats Jane like their family members even treats her less than a servant. By the land up of this essay it will be proven that Janes life at Gateshead has shaped her development as a young woman and bildungsroman. In the fount of Jane Eyre, Jane describes that she was happy before she moved to Gateshead. She says, With Bewick on my knee, I was then happy happy at least in my way. I feared nothing but interruption, and that came overly soon.(8).In this quote, Jane was like other happy girls with their family, she had nice house to li ve and fine food to eat. Everything has changed after her parents died. After she moves into Mrs. Reeds...

Slave Narrative Essay -- Comparative, Brown, Douglass, Jacobs 1

The purpose of a slave narrative during the American abolishment movement was to directly address the violent truth of slavery. But to what effect did the truth of their autobiographical stories have on readers at the time? Within this essay, I am going to explore themes such as truth, motherhood and religion, and how they interact as narrative strategies throughout. In order to support the analyses, my primary authors will be William Wells Brown, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs 1. The primary texts stated ar written in a voice which is antebellum of the American Civil War (1861-65), so it is interesting to keep an eye on the that the two male authors use their own identity to title their work despite the risks involved, unlike Jacobs who uses pseudonyms to portray her report card. Throughout all three texts, there is a familiar structure. Olney comments on how this is a sense not of uniqueness but of overwhelming sameness 2. He continues to state how slave narratives follow a chronological, episodic narrative number one with an assertion of existence 3. This can be seen in my primary texts, for example, I was born in Tuckahoe (Douglass, Narrative, p.2072) and I was born a slave (Jacobs, Incidents, p.1809). On the other hand, Heermance disagrees, stating that the specifically personal, unique and exotic, nature ... made apiece narrative intriguingly different from its brethren 4. This quote supports the individuality of each slave, and their reactions and representations of the different forms of violence they were subjected to. However, Andrews justifies the similarity of structures within slave narratives The ex-slave narrators and their sponsors had learned that ... facts plotted in certain kinds of story structures... ... this analyse of strategies to a close, I believe that the theme of religion creates a greater impact in narratives. This because even without being religious, the scripture is known, thus quotations are relatable. Not on ly this, the narrators themselves were a huge part of the abolition movement, especially Douglass who wrote and delivered many speeches Morality and religion were one and the same thing for Frederick Douglass, and it should come as no surprise that ... (Matthew 712) would become the perfect embodiment of human equality for him 15. This concludes how religion within narratives, exposed slave owners misconception of scripture, and their unholy violence based on those wrong interpretations. The narratives tactfully show the true and fair intentions intended by God for all of humanity, and no doubt this helped the abolition movement dramatically.

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay -- Narrative Life Fr

story of the manner of Frederick DouglassComplete Title An Exploration of the Relationship between Southern Christianity and Slaveholding as seen in the fib of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave pen by Himself Dr. Pautreauxs comments What makes this paper memorable is the fact that this student is also a see. Both his command of the language and his brain wave as a minister gave this paper a unique view of the narrative. We can so easily deceive ourselves into believing that what is accepted by the usual population as commonplace behavior is also justifiably correct. Rarely do we, as a society, question our customs as long as this behavior yields such commodities as convenience, pro get together or social benefit. If contested, our acts become well justified and defended. All components of our lifestyle are purposefully bent to fit around popular beliefs and anything, up to and including the Holy Bible, can be distorted to advance our dapple. A current example of this is todays Muslim terrorists who are using teachings in their Koran to justify their position saying that the Koran dictates that they must fight a holy war, killing as many Christians and Jews as possible, even expiry so far as to sacrifice their own lives in the process. This sort of religious distortion, used to justify mans self-serving will, is what writer and former slave, Frederick Douglass exposes in his stratum of his life which he wrote in 1845. In his story, Douglass gives us a wealth of obvious incongruities of people professing Christianity while practicing slavery The man who robbed me of my earnings at the end of each week meets me as a class-leader on Sunday morning, to show me the way of ... ...lt of the Christian religion itself, perhaps the present religious involution could be resolved. We, too, have the agreement to remember that the strain of Islam that has come to fore in these days of terrorist attacks, is but an extremist fa natical derivation or a religion that also has a pure and good basis. We should all make sure that religion is not a mere covering for the approximately repulsive crimes--a justifying of the most appalling barbarity...in which the darkest, foulest, grossest, and most infernal deeds...find the strongest protection (1059) as it was in the days of slavery in the southern U. S. and in the life of Frederick Douglass. Work Cited Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. The harpist Single Volume American Literature. Ed. Donald McQuade, et.al. 3rd edition. New York Longman, 1999. 1020-1081. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay -- Narrative Life FrNarrative of the Life of Frederick DouglassComplete Title An Exploration of the Relationship between Southern Christianity and Slaveholding as seen in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Written by Himself Dr. Pautreauxs comments What make s this paper memorable is the fact that this student is also a minister. Both his command of the language and his insight as a minister gave this paper a unique view of the narrative. We can so easily deceive ourselves into believing that what is accepted by the general population as normal behavior is also justifiably correct. Rarely do we, as a society, question our customs as long as this behavior yields such commodities as convenience, profit or social benefit. If contested, our acts become well justified and defended. All components of our lifestyle are purposefully bent to fit around popular beliefs and anything, up to and including the Holy Bible, can be distorted to advance our position. A current example of this is todays Muslim terrorists who are using teachings in their Koran to justify their position saying that the Koran dictates that they must fight a holy war, killing as many Christians and Jews as possible, even going so far as to sacrifice their own lives in t he process. This sort of religious distortion, used to justify mans self-serving will, is what writer and former slave, Frederick Douglass exposes in his story of his life which he wrote in 1845. In his story, Douglass gives us a wealth of obvious incongruities of people professing Christianity while practicing slavery The man who robbed me of my earnings at the end of each week meets me as a class-leader on Sunday morning, to show me the way of ... ...lt of the Christian religion itself, perhaps the present religious conflict could be resolved. We, too, have the obligation to remember that the strain of Islam that has come to fore in these days of terrorist attacks, is but an extremist fanatical derivation or a religion that also has a pure and good basis. We should all make sure that religion is not a mere covering for the most horrid crimes--a justifying of the most appalling barbarity...in which the darkest, foulest, grossest, and most infernal deeds...find the stro ngest protection (1059) as it was in the days of slavery in the southern U. S. and in the life of Frederick Douglass. Work Cited Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. The Harper Single Volume American Literature. Ed. Donald McQuade, et.al. 3rd edition. New York Longman, 1999. 1020-1081.

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay -- Narrative Life Fr

Narrative of the invigoration of Frederick DouglassComplete Title An Exploration of the Relationship between Southern Christianity and Slaveholding as seen in the Narrative of the action of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Written by Himself Dr. Pautreauxs comments What makes this root memorable is the fact that this student is also a minister. Both his command of the language and his insight as a minister gave this paper a unique view of the narrative. We can so easily deceive ourselves into believing that what is accepted by the general universe as normal fashion is also justifiably correct. Rarely do we, as a society, question our customs as long as this way yields such commodities as convenience, increase or social benefit. If contested, our acts become well justified and def dyinged. All components of our keepstyle are purposefully bent to fit close to popular beliefs and anything, up to and including the holy place Bible, can be distorted to advance our po sition. A current example of this is todays Muslim terrorists who are using teachings in their record book to justify their position face that the Koran dictates that they must fight a holy war, killing as many Christians and Jews as possible, even going so far as to leave their own lives in the process. This sort of religious distortion, used to justify mans self-serving will, is what writer and former slave, Frederick Douglass exposes in his story of his life which he wrote in 1845. In his story, Douglass gives us a wealth of obvious incongruities of people professing Christianity while practicing slavery The man who robbed me of my earnings at the end of each week meets me as a class-leader on Sunday morning, to show me the way of ... ...lt of the Christian piety itself, perhaps the present religious conflict could be resolved. We, too, have the obligation to suppose that the strain of Islam that has come to fore in these days of terrorist attacks, is but an ext remist fanatical derivation or a religion that also has a splendid and good basis. We should all make sure that religion is not a mere covering for the close to horrid crimes--a justifying of the most appalling barbarity...in which the darkest, foulest, grossest, and most blame deeds...find the strongest protection (1059) as it was in the days of slavery in the southern U. S. and in the life of Frederick Douglass. Work Cited Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. The Harper angiotensin-converting enzyme Volume American Literature. Ed. Donald McQuade, et.al. 3rd edition. New York Longman, 1999. 1020-1081. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay -- Narrative Life FrNarrative of the Life of Frederick DouglassComplete Title An Exploration of the Relationship between Southern Christianity and Slaveholding as seen in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Written by Himself Dr. Pautre auxs comments What makes this paper memorable is the fact that this student is also a minister. Both his command of the language and his insight as a minister gave this paper a unique view of the narrative. We can so easily deceive ourselves into believing that what is accepted by the general population as normal behavior is also justifiably correct. Rarely do we, as a society, question our customs as long as this behavior yields such commodities as convenience, profit or social benefit. If contested, our acts become well justified and defended. All components of our lifestyle are purposefully bent to fit around popular beliefs and anything, up to and including the Holy Bible, can be distorted to advance our position. A current example of this is todays Muslim terrorists who are using teachings in their Koran to justify their position saying that the Koran dictates that they must fight a holy war, killing as many Christians and Jews as possible, even going so far as to sacri fice their own lives in the process. This sort of religious distortion, used to justify mans self-serving will, is what writer and former slave, Frederick Douglass exposes in his story of his life which he wrote in 1845. In his story, Douglass gives us a wealth of obvious incongruities of people professing Christianity while practicing slavery The man who robbed me of my earnings at the end of each week meets me as a class-leader on Sunday morning, to show me the way of ... ...lt of the Christian religion itself, perhaps the present religious conflict could be resolved. We, too, have the obligation to remember that the strain of Islam that has come to fore in these days of terrorist attacks, is but an extremist fanatical derivation or a religion that also has a pure and good basis. We should all make sure that religion is not a mere covering for the most horrid crimes--a justifying of the most appalling barbarity...in which the darkest, foulest, grossest, and most infer nal deeds...find the strongest protection (1059) as it was in the days of slavery in the southern U. S. and in the life of Frederick Douglass. Work Cited Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. The Harper Single Volume American Literature. Ed. Donald McQuade, et.al. 3rd edition. New York Longman, 1999. 1020-1081.

Ethics In Education Essay

AbstractEducation has ever been considered as one of the strongest foundations for any civilized smart set. The success of any state of matter is largely attributed the way in which education arrangement is built up. There is growing importance the world over these days to incorporate importance of honourable standards in education. Ethical standards in education contain basic formulas, procedures and behavior patterns based on commitment to core set that ar deeply root in education. An honest education lead pave a way to uplift educational standards which in turn entrust instill recompense values among scholarly persons who will certainly create landmark in their cargoner as strong as vitality.ETHICS IN EDUCATIONThe Concept Of EthicsThe definition of ethics is shaped by personal, societal and professional values, any of which are difficult to specify. Some stress the importance of societys interests and former(a)s stress the interests of the individual. These counte rpoint viewpoints extradite dominated the discussion of ethics for a long time and may remain in the future as well. Thus, the term ethics will have to be pay offd in this context.The word ethics is derived from the Greek word ethos (character) and Latin word moras (customs). Taken together these ii words define how individuals choose to interact with one anformer(a). Thus, ethics is about choices. It signifies how people act in order to make the right choice and produce straightforward behavior. It encompasses the query of principles, values and norms, the consideration of available choices to make the right determination and the strength of character to act in accordance with the decision. Hence, ethics, as a practical discipline, demands the scholarship of moral knowledge and the skills to properly apply such knowledge to the problems of daily keep.Philosophical Theories of EthicsDecision making based on intuition or personal feeling does not always lead to the right cour se of action. Therefore, estimable decision making requires a criterion to ensure good judgment. The philosophic theories of ethics stand different and distinct criteria for good, right or moral judgment.Three prominent philosophical theories of ethics are utilitarianism, rights and justice. They are normative theories of ethics, which provide a principle or standard on how a person ought to behave towards others by considering the right and wrong of an action. These normative theories are divided into two broad classifications, consequential and non-consequential. Consequential theories define good in terms of its consequences, and a best known example is surmise of utilitarianism. In contrast, non-consequential theories define good not by its consequences but by its intrinsic value and the best known examples are the rights and justice theories. These theories are described below.(a) The theory of utilitarianismAccording to this theory, the good alternative is the one that ma ximises good consequences over badness consequences. Jeremy Bentham, who is considered as the father of utilitarian ethics, defines utilitarianism as the greatest happiness principle (the principle of utility), which measures good and bad consequences in terms of happiness and pain. He wrote as follows in his book An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and LegislationNature has placed mankind under the administration of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do. On the one hand the standard of right and wrong, chain of causes and effects, are fastened to their throne. They govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think.The terms happiness and pain have broad meaning and encompass all aspects of human welfare, including pleasure and sadness, health and sickness, satisfaction and disappointment, positive and negative emotions, achievement and failure and knowledge and ignoran ce. Applying the utilitarian principle is a procedural process involving five steps(1) Define the problem(2) Identify the stakeholders affected by the problem(3) List the alternative courses of action for firmness of purpose the problem (4) Identify and calculate the short- and long- term costs and benefits (pain and happiness) for each alternative course of action and (5) Select the course of action that yields greatest sum of benefits over costs for the greatest number of people. Thus, ethical conduct by accountants based on this theory leads to consideration of all possible consequences of a decision for all parties affected by it.This theory takes a pragmatic and common sense go on to ethics. Actions are right to the extent that they benefit people (i.e. actions, which produce more(prenominal) benefit than harm are right and those that do not are wrong). Thus, the cognitive process required for utilitarian decision making appears similar to the cost-benefit psychoanalysis th at is normally applied in business decisions. However, there are important distinctions between the two concepts in relation to the nature of consequences, the measurability of the consequences and stakeholder analysis.(b) The theory of rightsThe theory of rights stems from the belief that people have an inherent worth as human beings that must be respected. Therefore, according to this theory, a good decision is one that view the rights of others. Conversely, a decision is wrong to the extent that it violates another persons rights. In general, the rights can be divided into two categories (1) natural rights (rights that exist severally of any legal structure) and (2) Legal rights and contractual rights (rights that are created by social agreement). The natural rights are commonly known as human rights or complete rights.Among many natural rights, the right to the truth is important to the function of accounting. The users of financial statements have the right to truthful and ac curate financial information when making choices on alternative investment strategies. This right imposes a moral obligation on the accountant and the reporting entity to prepare and issue, true and fair financial statements. On the other hand, legal and contractual rights are important in the accountant-employer and the accountant-client relationships. These contractual relationships mean that employers and clients have a legal right to expect professional and competent wait on from the accountants. In turn, the accountants have a corresponding legal duty to perform their tasks to the best of their ability within the constraints of their expertise.(c) The theory of justiceUnderstanding this theory requires apprehension various notions of justice. Generally, justice is described as fairness, which refers to the correlation between contribution and reward. However, fairness alone cannot define the term justice. There are also other forms of justice, which include equality (assumes that all people have equal worth), procedural justice (concerns with due process) and compensatory justice (addressed the evil from a wrongful act). However, a plenary theory incorporating these various domains of justice has yet to be developed. Thus, the focus of this paper is on the theory of justice, which is based on the principle of distributive justice. It focuses on how plum ones decisions distribute benefits and burdens among members of the group. Unjust distribution of benefits and burdens is an unjust act and an unjust act is a morally wrong act. Hence, under this theory, an ethical decision is one that produces the fairest overall distribution of benefits and burdens.Ethics In EducationBasically there are three parties involved in ethical education system namely students, teachers and administrators. Teacher, being the most important facet of ethical education, is the torch bearer to the change the whole scenario of education system. He is the one who could exemplify his ethical behavior in front of students. Students most of the time learn their behavior from their teachers. Right approach of teacher to teach the students inside the class room will make ever lasting impact on the minds of students. It goes without saying that the principle of ethical conduct lie at the core of teaching profession. The whole society can be remolded by administering ethical practices. Secondly, the responsibility for promoting ethics in higher education lies with the leadership of colleges and universities. Like most efforts at organizational change, the energy, financing, and intake must start at the top and must anticipate and verbalize a long term commitment to ethical goals.Bottom-up schemes for change are seldom successful since they lack the organizational influence to create a sustained, well supported plan of action. Ethics issues permeate every aspect of university life from admissions to the classroom, from hiring to curriculum development and from res earch to the athletic field. To alter the ethics culture in an institution of higher education (or any organization) requires the highest level of commitment and realistic consequences for deviations. (a) Verbal and written commitment of the university president/chancellor, board of trustees, alumni association, faculty and staff to the effectuation of an ethics plan of action (b) Verbal and written commitment of departments heads overseeing student recruiting and admissions policy to an ethics plan of action for their areas of concern.Some possible action items might include advertising that the student body is governed by a venerate code, the violation of which could lead to disenrollment. The hallmark of the admissions policy would focus on the ethical selection of students to include cultural difference, gender and racial equalities, socio-economic factors, as well as, academic excellence. (c) Faculty hiring guidelines that would include a thorough vetting of the applicants q ualifications and background as well as a written commitment by the applicant to fully support the ethics initiative (d) Faculty members to commit to and undertake curriculum revisions that would include the ethical aspects of their particular discipline(e) Students to commit to a dormitory, fraternity/sorority, off-campus life-style code ethics (f) Faculty members to commit to ethical guidelines for the research into the publication of scholarly materials (g) Faculty members to commit to a faculty-faculty, faculty-student ethical relationships guideline. Lastly, students are also expected to contribute maximally by behaving honestly to their work, duties and responsibilities. They should never restore to any malpractices during examination or any class work.ConclusionThe writer has reviewed just a fraction of the literature available on the subject of ethics in the workplace. The literature for the most part, supports the notion that the ethical behavior is good, that ethical behav ior is needed in the workplace, and that progress is possible in raising men and women above their more prurient interests. Based on the writers experience and discussions with university leaders, however, the notion of total commitment by all stakeholders as outlined in the sample plan is probably unlikely. Cries of academic freedom, unreasonable restraints and loss of flexibility would be echoed from the bell towers of academia in spite of the intrinsic good intentions of the plan. All this does not augur well for the fast track implementation of ethics at the university level or in the workplace. Instead, progress in changing individuals towards a more ethical vision of their personal and professional life will be a plodding effort, characterized by small successes and small failures for a long time into the future.ReferencesAmerican Institute of Certified Public Accountants (2010). The ordinance of Professional Conduct. Retrievedfromhttp//www.aicpa.org/research/standards/codeof conduct/downloadabledocuments/2010june1codeofprofessionalconduct.pdf Audi, R. (2007). Can utilitarianism be distributive? Maximization and distribution as criteria in managerial decisions. Business Ethics Quarterly, 17(4), 593-611. Baiman, S. & Lewis, B. (1989). An experiment testing the behavioural equivalence ofstrategically equivalent employment contracts. Journal of Accounting Research, (27)1, 1-20. Bazerman, M.H. & Banaji, M.R. (2004). The social psychology of ordinary ethical failures. Social Justice Research, 17, 111-15. Bentham, J. (1843). The works of Jeremy Bentham. Edinburgh, Scotland John Bowring. Bird, F.B. & Walters, J.A. (1989). Moral muteness. Californian Management Review, 73-88. Brenkert, G.G. (2010). The limits and prospects of business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly, 20(4), 703-9. Burton, B.K. & Goldsby, M.G. (2009). The moral floor A philosophical examination of the connection between ethics and business. Journal of Business Ethics, 91, 145-54. Caldwell, C. & Clapham, S. (2003). organizational trustworthiness An internationalperspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 47(4), 349-64. Caldwell, C., Hayes, L.A., & Long, D.T. (2010). Leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship. Journal of Business Ethics, 96(4), 497-512. ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING 30 Caldwell, C. & Karri, R. (2005). Organizational governance and ethical systems A covenantal approach to building trust. Journal of Business Ethics, 58(1), 249-59. Calhoun, C. (1995). Standing for something. The Journal of Philosophy, 92(5), 235-60. Carlopio, J. (2002). The best articles about leadership from the last ten years. BOSS Financial Review, 71-4.

World War Ii and America

The worlds majusculeest war, valet de chambre struggle II began in 1939 and lasted for al around six years. It was between cardinal military alliances. On the axis powers were Japan, Germany and the Kingdom of Italy. While the assort were lead by United Kingdom, China, Soviet Union and The United States of the States. the States was non directly involved in the war in the early stages. The necessity increased after the fall of France, the Pearl Harbor incident alone mainly when Hitler say war on U. S. This conduct to the Statess direct involvement in the World War II and helped America to transition from a great power to a super power.World war II started by the deep seated anger in German due to the loss in World War I. Hitler a new leader in Germany transformed it from a defeated state to powerful one with a expectant army of up to 400,000 men which led to the breaking of the treaty of Versailles (Langley). March 16th 1935 Hitler tore up the treaty of Versailles when he s tarted to build up his army (Nicola Barber) . Although The United States of America had always been an ally in the Second World War its direct involvement did not came after much later. In 1939 its only involvement was to rear arms and ammunition in turn of cash from countries.America was indirectly helping the ally by starving Japan of oil. Winston Churchill repeatedly tried to convince Franklin D. Roosevelt to cypher the war but it was after Hitlers declaration of war, America got directly involved in the war. In 1941 Congress had approved Americas introduction into war after which military operations began. Operation Torch on North Africa became US first military operation. German forces surrendered in Tunisia in 1943 and that led to the first US British victory and proved invaluable in changing US public opinion behind the war.The second front for American military action was when Winston Churchill proposed to attack Italy even though in that respect was an urgent need to re lieve pressure on Russia from the western front. This attack led to allies invading Italian mainland leading to the capture of Rome. The United States along with other allies continued to attack the Axis powers which led to the retake of Paris in the D-Day Invasion. In the Tokyo Bombing Raids American bombers destroyed up to 250,000 buildings and killed 83,000 in massive fire bombing.It continued to play an important part in the attacks on the Axis Powers, till the end of the war where it dropped two atomic bombs in Japan bringing the war to an end. It is clearly seen by the events of the war that although America was not involved directly at first in the war it played a pivotal role once it became directly involved and its most important role was that of bringing the war to an end by destroying one of the main Axis powers, Japan, completely. It is often wondered how The United States Of America reached its position of dominance in the world.And it would not be wrong to link its ris e a super power to the results and events of World War II. The characteristics of super power are firstly having a strong perpetual economy, secondly overpowering military, thirdly immense international political power and lastly strong national ideology. Before the war America was seen as a great power along with many other powerful strong nations like Russia and Britain. It was only after the war that The United States of America emerged as a strong super power and still holds that position. Even in years before the war America was amongst the largest producers in the world.At that time there was no country that had that immense power over the international system. Britain and France were in imperial decline which caused them to lose their international standing. Although America from the start had a stable economy due to the presence of natural resources like oil and steel. Yet its rise to super power was when it surpassed europium as a major power. Europe was a part of many la rge destructive wars that left it completely bankrupt and destroyed most of its infra structure which lead to the fall of Europe.Europe universe directly involved in wars like the World War I and World War II left it far behind in the locomote of super powers. America which was although involved in the World War II faced much less damaged compared to the destruction faced by Europe. Soviet Union also a major power failed in the race of super power because of the damages it faced from the World War II but mainly it dropped out because of the fall of the So that left America as the only dominating power in the world which had a stable and large economy with a huge military advantage and immense power over international matters.America was one of the main Allies in the World War II yet it did not face much destruction like other allies it continued to grow and kept its economy stable. And when the other allies failed to rise up America stood as a strong nation. Even when The United S tates of America was involved in World War II it was not dragged down like other allies including Britain and Soviet Union. This led to the creation of a super power. A country that before the war was just a great power became a super power. Works Cited Langley, Andrew. Living Through World War II. n. d. Nicola Barber, Ken Hills. Headlines of World War II. n. d.

Behaviorism vs. Cognitive Psychology Essay

Watson believed that psychological science did not accomplish the death of predicting and controlling the behavior of a person. He believed that psychology had both troubles the pursuit of consciousness as an object of study and the use of introspection as a method. Watson developed a type of psychology that he believed would get across these issues, behaviorism. Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior this is the explanation of behaviorism that John Watson expressed as his Columbia address. behavioristic psychology is said to limit the psychological study of behavior. Watson believes that humans had three innate emotions when they were born fear, rage, and love. The goal would be to take one of the emotions and condition it to a stimulus in club to create a response that was not previously elicited. This was demonstrated in the Little Albert experiment.Wa tson had a baby, Little Albert, who was not fearful of white rats. During the experiment whenever Little Albert was shown a white rat Watson would pair it with a loud randomness until the baby showed fear. This experiment showed that fear piece of tail be conditioned in a person. Behaviorism tended to dominate American Psychology until approximately 1954 when cognitive psychology started. You say you want a revolution. Well, we all want to change the world. This quote describes the change in psychology that developed cognitive psychology during an era of cordial change. Experimental psychologist began seeing a change when the number of unexplained human behavior increased. Psychologist started to think that in order to understand human behavior, mental processes can no longer be ignored. Cognitive psychology was created to understand these mental processes by analyzing the way sensory information is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recover, and used in the brain. It can be explained using a computer metaphor, which means that the ideas of conceptual models played a role in the processing, storage, and retrieval of information.Which leads to Gestalts psychology visit should be analyse as it occurs. Experience is processed into storage in our brain and that storage is available for retrieval for later experiences. An example of this would be Gestalts Organizing Tendencies, organization much(prenominal) as grouping is learned at a young age and stored in our memory, now every time after that experience the mind tends to address the stimuli into groups without the persons awareness this is happening. In conclusion, behaviorism is the prediction and control in behavior and cognitive psychology has to do with the way the brain senses, percepts, imagines, retains, recalls, problem solves, and thinks. Behaviorism and cognitive psychology both need each other to exist it is not possible for one to exist without the other. Behaviorism is human experience that is argued that experience is not directly knowable.Scientist began to see an increase in unexplained behavior and determined that mental processes must be analyzed in order to obtain an accurate depiction of the experiences that should be studied as they occur. Cognitive psychology may be superior to behaviorism because it takes behaviorism to the next level. Behaviorism is the human experiences and cognitive psychology added the extra factor of analyzing the mental processes. In closing, cognitive psychology would not exist without the basic theories of behaviorism and behaviorism would have faded away quickly having so many unexplained behaviors. Cognitive psychology and behaviorism need each other to exist.Work CitedBenjamin, L.T. (2007). A abbreviated history of modern psychology. Malden, MA Wiley- Blackwell.

Standards & Discipline: “Discipline” Video Case Study

Facilitator Watching the video twice often ensures that participants are prepared to discuss the issues. Remember that SSG John Diem volunteered to share this story and served admirably and heroically in combat. Video summary John Diem discusses the importance of discipline within the unit and the individual. Just because you are overseas does non mean you do not continue to follow rules/standards/disciplines. You may not understand the reasoning behind these rules, but as professionals, you are expected to enforce and adhere to them. Length 259 ? SSG Diem says, When you allow your lack of understanding of these rules to become how you lead Soldiers and you allow yourself to discount them, thats when you start having a negative effect. o What should a attractor do when they dont understand Army rules & standards? o Have your group write down and discuss when theyve enforced a particular standard. ? Diem says, So I dont expect lieutenants, sergeants, privates, even staff-sergeants to understand all of these rules.But I think the Army has the right to expect them to enforce them. o What do you think of this statement? o How can a leader use their military expertise to learn rules in order to enforce them? o Ask the group to share what impact a leaders misunderstanding of rules or SOPs had on them as a subordinate? ? Diem besides said, of upholding standards, You have to find when to ease up on that and (when to) harshly enforce it. o How can easing up on a standard feign the performance of duties?

Shooting an Elephant Essay

A price is payed to save oneself from humiliation, nevertheless, world pressured into doing something that one doesnt fate to do, makes people feel lost and pushed into a big problem. In the story Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell, he himself goes through a struggle in being the one to shoot an Elephant. In the beginning he knew what he had to avoid of being laughed at from the Burmese people that surrounded him, since he is an imperial policeman. Throughout the story, Orwell uses rhetorical tools such as metaphors, connotation, and irony to give his readers a better perspective in whats going on in the story.Seeing different forms of writing can help readers see the relationship in the midst of these tools and what Orwell is saying about imperialism. First of all, George Orwell uses the rhetorical tool metaphor in story. In the story Shooting an Elephant Orwell wrote that They were watching me as they would watch a thaumaturgist to perform a trick. This metaphor meant that the Burmese who was following behind were waiting for Orwell to shoot the elephant. If Orwell shot the elephant then it would be like he was putting on a show since they were watching him. other metaphor that he uses in the story is when he wrote that he was seemingly the leading actor of the piece but in reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind. This metaphor meant that Orwell was the center of attention because he was being followed by two thousand Burmese people waiting for him to kill the elephant, and he was being controlled by the Burmese when he said he was an absurd puppet. Another metaphor he wrote, He wears a mask, and his face grows to fit it meaning that Orwell pretended that he was strong and powerful, but he really didnt want to shoot the elephant, he was just being pressured into doing it because if he didnt then he would pay the price of being humiliated by the Burmese. Another rhetorical tool that George Orwell uses in the story Shooting an Elephant is connotation. In the story he said that One day something happened which in a roundabout way was enlightening. This disapprobation has a positive connotation because of the word enlightening meaning that Orwell speaking the truth about how he feels about the true nature of imperialism is a advanced thing.Orwell also wrote that I marched down the hill, looking and feeling a fool, with the rifle over my shoulder and an ever-growing army of people jostling at my heels This has a blackball connotation because. Lastly, Orwell uses the rhetorical tool, irony in his story. In the story, Orwell wrote that The thought in my mind was that if anything went wrong those two thousands Burmans would see me pursued, caught, trampled on and reduced to a smile corpse like that Indian up the hill.And that happened it was quite probable that some of them would laugh. That would never do. The irony that was being employed is that Orwell was more worried abo ut being laughed at then being killed by the elephant. Therefore, Orwells writing was convincing because he uses different types of rhetorical tools to prove his point that imperialism is the worst. And Orwell prove this when this little nonessential happened about the elephant and how he gave him a better glimpse than he had had before about the real of nature of imperialism.

Disparities in Diagnosis of Depression

In the paper, Disparities in Diagnosis of Depression, the author has make a mention of the problem of African-Americans being less likely to report, getting evaluated or diagnosed for depression, mania or anxiety than their White Counterparts (Gary 2005). This paper would be concentrating on the reasons for this problem. In history, African Americans bring in been the victims of chattel sla truly and many people felt that they could be misfortunate from certain mental changes. some people considered them to be suffering from a psychiatric disorder known as draptemania (characterized by the need to flee from captivity). Although, African-Americans have an inherent nature not to get depressed very easily because of their apparent happy character, the condition is also at a greater risk of going undiagnosed, under-diagnosed or even misdiagnosed. This was a concern exist since a long time and even till today this problem is existing (Baker, 2000, pp. 3167).Minority communities especia lly African-Americans may make up a vital portion of the US population, and if health problems exist, the health status, economic welfare and quality of living of the entire nation would certainly be affected. Only a small portion of the minority population would be receiving ideal mental healthcare (Reus, 2001). It may not be felt that the mental health function for the African-American Communities should be improved as the risk of developing depression is comparatively lower compared to the White population. anyway, the mental health services may be only developed to lower the occurrence of mental disorders rather than treating a much bigger problem (which could be increasing the risk of developing the disorder) (Witt, 2006). Many of the healthcare providers ( much(prenominal) as hospitals, public healthcare settings, etc) tend to focus a lot on the ethnicity of the patients (usually the color the skin) rather than on the individual healthcare requirements and the several(preno minal) socio-economic factors.several(prenominal) of these providers assume certain problems or issues to have occurred (such as social problems, racial issues, trauma, alienation, etc), which would be amenable for the mental health disorder. The African-American Population may have certain negative experiences with the healthcare system, and hence in the future this ethnic group would develop negative feelings towards the system, thus reducing their reliance on it.Hence, such individuals are less likely to go to the healthcare providers to seek medical care, and in such instances several mental disorders would go undiagnosed and untreated (Mallett, 2000). Several individuals belonging to the minority community may not seek mental health services as they may fear that they may be misunderstand and further they may undergo ill-treatment due to the prevailing lags in culture, ethnicity, language and literary levels.Many of the African-Americans who are seeking mental health services may be locked or held in the hospital wards and forced to undergo treatment. They may be administered drugs in greater than normal dosage and all laws and regulations regarding management may be ignored, misused and by-passed. The White Physicians may be biased while diagnosing and treating African-American mental patients. They may discriminate them racially and be overbearing with them.Some physicians may genuinely have a problem with African-American patients as they may not know the patients language and culture (Mallett, 2000). Besides this, several other causes such as homelessness, the presence of several other general disorders, access to illegal drugs, lower levels of insurance coverage, etc, amongst African-American population were responsible for the lower chances of several mental disorders getting evaluated and treated (Otoole, T. P. , Pollini, R. , Gray, P. & Jones, T. 2007).

Safety on Public Transportation

One of the major features of any developed society is mass mobility. In order for man to fulfill his obligation put food on his table, man has to move around. Thus mobility is an essential aspect of human life. Man has to move from one destination to another. Elementary Science has described this as a natural feature of human beings. Over the years, the growth of technology as made for variables when it comes to human passage. One of such means of transportation is public transportation.Although transportation is a necessity to most batch in America, it will be alarming to note that Americans spend more trying to meet up with their cursory needs. Compared to other countries in the world, an average American spends more to move around. As part of the governments efforts to ensure a better standard of quick for the citizen, the public transport system is an initiative of the government tailored towards reduction of the price incurred on transportation by Americans.Therefore, Americ ans now have a alternative which provides a greater freedom. However, as commendable as this initiative is, Public Transportation has its good and bad sides. There are some dangers that one is return to when one takes a public transport. To begin with, the security and privacy one enjoys when one is moving around in ones private gondola car is better than when we are moving around in public transport. Statistics have shown that people moving around in public transportation are pliable to insecurity than those transporting privately.On the issue of crime in public transportation, the police department and other organizations have given tips on how to avoid crime in public transportation. For all I care, the next person to you mogul be a serial killer or the lousy old woman might actually be planning to steal your wallet. At this point, one will be unfair not to admit that public transportation has had a plenteousness of positive impact on the pockets of Americans.With the insis tent rise in the prices of gasoline in America, public transportation has being a good alternative for the people of America. At least it has helped save more money that should have been used in the purchase of gasoline. It is also effective and reliable. The next time you are closely to meet an appointment and you want to go by public transportation, make sure you have it at the back of your mind that although some dollars will be saved, there is the risk of falling a victim. Therefore, be vigilant and alert

The Coors

The US brew industry is mainly dominated by six main key competitors towards a small number of local competitors. As a populace of the industry, the main costs are the commodity, outpution costs (brewing&packaging) which oriented major brewers to backward integration in order to become cost- expeditious. Cheaper distribution strategies may create real competitive advantage in brewing industry. The competitive rivalry is broken up into three main segments, National, Regional, and Microbrewers. National competitors select wide merchandise coverage and generally a large company.Regional competitors are smaller than National in the particular that they just distribute in certain regions. Microbrewers are the smallest of the three because their size and capacity limit them to tho distribute to small geographic areas. Due to the strong rivalry among existing competitors, new entrants to the industry fountain many difficult barriers to entry by the existing bigger brewers. Large cap ital requirements and the drive to demonstrate a very strong distribution network are the main barriers.Many laws and regulations may in addition inhibit a new entrant from coming into the market. In addition to this, the threat of substitute products is abate in the industry. On the other hand, the demand has grown generally only at less than unrivaled percent over the four decades, except the period from 1960 to 1980 which is characterized by the higher consumption of younger drinkers and efficient marketing strategies driven by key market players mainly focusing on pricing and differentiation. Coors in the Brewing IndustryThe core competencies of Coors brewing company were the toil quality focusing on more(prenominal) or less qualified inputs and better production processes and the brand positionning emphasizing the scene of quality. Coors products differentiation was coming from both in the materials that went into the beer and in the process they followed to brew it. T he extra costs of better production processes are controlled by champion product focus, running the fastest packaging lines as a result of vertical integration and benefiting from economies of scurf through the countrys largest brewery.By creating a perception of a natural, high quality product Coors was able set high relative price while maintaining a high volume of sales. Coors responded to the need to fill excess capacity by national rollout. But the lack of efficient distribution bestow and multiple production sites were the main significant disadvantages of the company. The company overcame this obstacle by establishing distribution centres in outlying(prenominal) markets and working with weaker distributors willing to sell only Coors.Opposing to its past strategies, Coors focused on weaker distributors and spent more to manage the relationships. The company had begun to focus more on advertising and marketing. The amplification schema was posted by strong brand image ca mpaigns focusing on product quality strengthened the brand constantly than before towards competitors. Due to increasing competition, they also began to launch different segments of beers. The agreements made by Molson of Canada and Kaltenberg Castle of westward Germany may be treated as the positioning strategies in international marketplace.Coorss plan for multisite expansion included a new knack in Virginia, to supply the eastern states in order to support future demand and absorb the increased exaltation costs. Now the main question is that building a new facility would be profitable or not for Coors. The slow trend in sales growth from 1975 to 1985 might be taken as evidence that they would not need more than 25 million barrels in capacity in the near future. The costs savings from reduced shipping costs could be offset simply by scaling their existing facility.Building the new facility in Virginia might be against Coors product differentiation supported mainly by the pure element Rocky commode spring water which in reality is the core competency for the company collect to the location. Any facility built outside Colorado will not brew beer with the Rocky Mountain spring water. The past inefficient strategies should be investigated by the company. First of all, Coors could have continued to dominate the westward region.Coors should have expanded the production capacity to support the consumption increase before the competitors moved production into territory. The possible solutions for competitors would be in this case, tolerate higher shipping costs for market entry or build a large, underutilized, production facility. So they had to accept Western market region belonged to Coors. Additionally, by ripening dominance in their western territories, Coors would have built an even stronger position over their distribution channels.On the other side, in terms of marketing approach Coors should have focused on maintaining the Coors brand image in its co re territory rather than reaching the niche market with limited penetration. The product strategy should also have been driven with a different approach. Rather than multiple product segments expansion, Coors should have only focused on rapidly growing light beer segment with their successful Coors Light product which would have reduce the cannibalization of super-premium products on Coors Banquet.

Hit and Run Sports and Lesiure Company Essay

* The ships company provides unsubtle range of sports and leisure facilities to divisions and non-members. The facilities include golf courses, footb completely pitch, basketb tout ensemble court and swimming pool. Members lose to book to use facilities and bill is charged to their account.* The leisure clubs let out provide to customers wide range of sports goods such as clothing, golf clubs and tennis racquets. For members there is 10 % give the sack.* The club provides qualified coaches for variant sports that can be booked to give lessons to individuals or groups. The fee is charged for each lesson and the company receives one-half of the fee.Types of membersType of membershipDescriptionIndividualThey argon any one of the ages from 16 to 60, who are not students, under corporate or affiliated team member.StudentThis membership is usable to anyone over 16 and under 25 years of age who is in full time education.SeniorFor elderly masses who are over the age of 60.Corporat eFor nominated employees from a company who has account with the leisure centre.FamilyThis is available up to 2 adults and 4 children. Children who are under the age of 12 can only reefer the club as part of a family membership.Affiliated teamAvailable to local sports teams. It tout ensembleows them for priority bookings and discount rates for regular bookings.Functions of each department within the clubsThe club unwrapThe primary function of the shop is to sell sports equipment. However the sales assistants are to a fault responsible for replenishing the stock on display from the stockroom. as well as the shop can take bookings for the facilities.They hold either their stock items dilate and quantities on the database. When a member purchase an item, the item code is typed in and the description and the price is displayed on the screen. too the members figure of speech is entered from their membership card. This allows them to identify the member and available discount is automatically measured.The shop withal allows members to pay through their account, cash, cheque or credit card. If credit card is used, the Sales assistant has to contact the credit card Company, usually by telephone, to check the credit availableness. Receipt is issued when the sale is round and the appropriate stock item quantities are decreased.The Sales passenger car is responsible for regulating the stock of all equipment. The sales omnibus has to make sure that the quantities are up to the required levels. If there is a deficit of any equipment, the database automatically produces a report. This operates at the end of each working day. The following day, the Sales manager telephones the appropriate equipment suppliers and orders the equipment required. The confirmed purchase orders are printed and sent by post.The shop in any case has specially printed pallbearer bags for customers purchases. The design of the bag salmagundis every year however it always includes th e Hit and spend name and logo. Every year the Sales and Marketing Director negotiates a refreshful order for bags for all clubs.AdministrationThe political science manager handles all applications for membership with the help of assistant.The administration assistants are responsible for all share procedures within a club. They produce and post out all correspondence from the club such as letters to members. They also produces invoices for goods and advantages.One of the administration assistants is responsible for updating the members details on database and also ordering membership cards.The summary of all membership transactions which include new members, bookings and membership renewals, is sent to Head office on a floppy disk. The floppy disk also contains information about financial summaries for shop sales, membership and booking fees and lastly a summary of all purchase orders raised.Administration assistant sends all the invoices received by suppliers on the goods rece ived or go done, to genius office. This is done at the end of each week. Head office then deals with the payment.Most heavy function of Administration department is keeping records of the hours worked by each member of the clubs cater along with any coaching fees received. The information is sent to the Human Resource department in head office. The human resource department deals with the information so that wages due can be calculated and paid.ReceptionReception department deals with bookings. When a member books facilities, receptionist take member number on a booking login screen together with expiry date on the card. The members details are displayed on the screen. Receptionist asks for members address and name. When it is confirmed booking screen is displayed.The members number is copied onto the booking screen. Also code for facility, the date and the start time is required. The booking system then checks the availability of the facility and if it is the booking is confirm ed. Then a booking card is produced containing the information to the member.Reception also deals with members checking in. The member provides the receptionist with the booking number. The details of the booking are displayed on the computer when the booking number is typed in on a check in screen. The receptionist checks and allocation of the facility is confirmed. Then another card is printed for the member. This confirms that the facility has been booked.Facilities criminal maintenanceThe facilities manager deals with maintenance of all the buildings and facilities in the club. Outdoor facilities such as pitches and the golf course are maintained b a team of green keepers. A team of maintenance staff maintains the indoor(prenominal) facilities and the structure of the buildings.The facilities manager must schedule regular maintenance. This will reduce the chance of members disruption on using facilities and also to make efficient use of available staff. The manager also contac ts contractors from outside the club for tasks such as the servicing or repair of mowers, rowing machines and other equipment. at once a month the manager contacts suppliers for cleaning materials.CoachingQualified coaches provide lessons for each of sports. They provide this service to groups or individuals. They also supervise the use of club facilities.The head coach is responsible for ordering sports equipment requisite such as tennis balls, shuttlecocks, nets or racquets. This is sent off to the suppliers by fax.Suppliers to the club and relationship among these suppliers and the department/individuals within the company* Sports equipment retailers They provide stocks for the shop in the clubs. The sales manager phones the suppliers when there are shortage of equipment. They also provide equipment for the coaching department.* Card Company They provide membership cards for the administration department. The administration assistant sends the details of the membership card.* Cleaning material suppliers They provide cleaning materials to the facilities maintenance department. The facilities manager places the order.* Maintenance equipment service The service is provided for repairing or servicing mowers, rowing machines and other equipment for facilities maintenance department. Facilities manager also places the order.* Carrier bag suppliers They provide carrier bags for the sport shop. The sales manager and marketing manager change the design every year. The supplier provides yearly allocation.* ICT service and suppliers The club uses ICT facilities. There are computer workstations at the main desk, in the sports shop, administration office and the General Mangers office. They need software, which hold data for all sports equipment in sports shop. Also for membership database and booking data. The ICT suppliers along with ICT department in head office supply this.

The velocity of sound by means of resonance

University of Salahaddin Hawler Education College Physics Dept. Shaqlawa Name of experiment The velocity of rifle by means of resonance tube closed at one hold back. No. experiment 5 Name Goran Kamaran A. razaq Stage 1st Class Group C Date 12/12/2013 Apparatuses- This research lab utilizes the following materials Resonance tube Pail of water Tuning forks Rubber mallet Measuring magnetic tape Thermometer Thorey- Fill the tube with water to about 10cm to the open end of the tube. To adjust the level of the water in the tube. move the side bucket up and defeat feather in the vertical irection.Use five different correct forks and the appropriate head of the mallet. Strike the tuning fork with the appropriate mallet above the open end of the tube and slowly start lowering the side bucket so the water level goes down until you hear an Increase In sound which Is called resonance. Record the location where the resonance occurred and figure the height. After you draw the first resona nce, repeat by lowering the water further down the tube until you get a total of two resonance recordings. Repeat the experiment with a different tuning fork and record the ppropriate data.Each fork was struck above the water level and the water level was slowly moved down until a resonance was heard. The distance where the resonance occurs were recorded and the speed of the waves were determined. The experimental speed of sound was and then compared to the calculated theoretical speed of sound. The results obtained were very close to the theoretical speed of sound thus proving that they were precise. Ill. The puzzle of errors in the process. 1- the rooms noise 2- Before now, we will not work in scientific laboratories. geological fault ratio OR Error ratio Error = I . 05

Agricultural Contributions of George Washington Carver in US

George Washington sculpturer was born a slave in Diamond Grove, Missouri. As a small child woodcarver was rescued from a band of Confederate kidnappers. From early on stonecutter was determined to get himself an education. Carver began his schooling in Newton Country, and while attending school he similarly worked very hard as a farm hand. While working and studying Carver lived in a one-room schoolhouse, and as time went on he excelled as sought out for higher(prenominal) education. Because of his race Carver was denied on attending Highland University.In 1887 Carver got excepted to Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa. Carver make many outstanding contributions to the agricultural world and also on America its self. Carver changed the impudence of Agriculture in the south with his crop rotation methods. Carver discovered through research and check and error slipway to help soil stay fertile. Through this discovery the nutrients would stay in the ground, and crops could be plant ed on the same soil year after year. Carver discovered that planting goober pea one year then the next planting cotton wool would keep the soil fertial for the following year.The peanuts contained nitrate-producing legumes, and the cotton took all the nutrients from the soil, so the soil was fresh each planting season. The farmer took his peanuts and utilize them as a source of food for their livestock. Carver did not over look the peanuts as near food for animals, and entrap over 325 ways to use the peanuts for other reasons than food. He used peanuts to make peanut butter, cooking oil, pressman ink, and many more useful applications for the peanut. Carver being the introvator that he was also found many ways for the pecan and sweet potato to help the soil.Carver developed many synthetic products that could be used by all people and not too hard to make. Carver developed adhesives, bleach, cheese, instant coffee, syntheic rubber, and Worcestershire souce just to name a few. Car vers crop rotation method did change American agirculture forever. What Carver found out through study helped America today become the worlds draw producing nation of agricultural goods. Carver also did not just change agriculture for America, but also changed the way that people looked at the African American. Carver received many awards and prizes during his lifetime, but he incessantly gave the credit to the lord.

Statistical Significance and Homemade Shampoo

A Study on Gugo and Okra as Homemade Shampoo A Research D oneness by Francine Faye A. Jumaquio Majaline Faye A. Tolentino Romer T. Nepumoceno Talavera National High School Talavera Nueva Ecija A Study on Gugo and Okra as a Homemade Shampoo Claudine M. Lajara I-Rosal Introduction This study was conducted to reconcile the effectiveness of a homespun wash out of the native Gugo, scientific hang Entada material bodyuoliodes and Okra, scientific name Abelomoschus Esculentus L. in making different type of bull stronger.Four phases were done Phase 1, the control handling Phase 2, home-brewed wash compared to control intercession Phase 3, homemade shampoo compared to varied niggardness of gugo and gumbo soil and Phase 4, where the acceptability of the homemade shampoo was regularise in terms of smoothness, unmanliness, and manageability. Statement of the paradox Specifically, the researchers aimed to answer the sideline questions 1. Can gugo and okra be used as raw material in making shampoo? 2. How effective are gugo and okra on the tensile strength of the tomentum cerebricloth? 3. Which discourse is more effective treatments with greater dumbness of okra han gugo or more gugo than okra? Procedure A. grooming of Materials About 10,000 copper strands were gathered from intravenous feeding respondents having different types of hair, (normal, and dry, ethnic, curly). In individually type of hair, 2020 strands were used 240 strands for water, okra, 10 per centum gugo, and 100 percent gugo 240 strands for seven brands of shampoo 120 strands for gugo and okra and 600 strands for 10 treatments with varied concentration of okra and gugo. Five hundred grams of gugo bark were boiled in 70 ml of water for 30 minutes, and agonistic to extract the juice.The decoction was pose in a discase bottle. To prepare okra decoction, 200 grams of okra fruits were boiled in 200 ml tap water for10 minutes. The cooked okra was masked for extraction and decoction was s trained for the preparation of solution. The homemade shampoo was prepared from 50 ml gugo decoction and 50 ml okra decoction. A 58ml coconut oil was added to the mixture and placed in an earthen pot. It was heated for 5 minutes and placed in a clean bottle. The homemade shampoo was then prepared into two setups setup A and setup B. The treatment involves four type of hair (normal, dry, ethnic, curly). Setup A treatment Gugo (ml) Okra (ml) 1 50 50 2 40 60 3 30 70 4 20 80 5 10 90 Setup B Treatment Gugo (ml) Okra (ml) 1 50 50 2 60 40 3 70 30 4 80 20 5 90 10 B. Soaking Process and Determination of the Hair Strength In phase 1, four treatments were prepared Treatment 1 water, Treatment 2 Okra, Treatment 3 10 percent gugo, Treatment 4 100 percent gugo. These are the control treatments.Six bowls were prepared and tagged as 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minute, respectively. Sixty strands of normal hair were used and divided into 10 strands. The hair strands we re concurrently peeved in the respective bowls with 100 ml tap water and were removed when the conviction allotted for each bowl had elapsed. Then they were rinsed each. They were placed in clean sheets of paper labeled fit in to the length of time they were soaked, (such as T1- water 5 minutes T2 water 10 minutes and so on). The bowl used from the first treatment was washed thoroughly and were used again for the other treatments. The sour was repeated for treatments 2, 3, 4.To determine the strength of the hair strands, a cringe scale was used and five trials were done. From the 10 strands of normal hair, 5 strands from Treatment were tested. The hair strands were tied up to the spring scale at one end. A 15 cm length of the hair strands were maintained between the spring scale and the weight unit. The weight was pull until the hair snaps. The amount of force in Newton (I Newton = 100 grams) registered on the spring scale prior to the breaking of the hair was recorded and the average result from the five trial was computed. The influence was repeated for treatments 2, 3, 4. Also the same process was done for ethnic, dry, and curly hair.In the second phase, 480 strands from four hair types were used. Out 480 strands, 120 strands of the hair were prepared for trial 1 and trial 2, using the homemade shampoo (gugo and okra). The same procedure ion phase 1 was done for these treatments. In the third phase, 2,400 strands of hair were prepared from the four types of hair. Out of 2,400 strands, 1,200 strands were used in setup A and another 1,200 in set up B. each(prenominal) set up has 5 treatments and 60 hair strands were divided into ten, and each 10 were soaked separately in six bowls labeled 5, 10, 15, 22, 25, and 3 minutes, respectively. The same procedure from the previous phases was done to determine the hair strength.In the 4th phase, 20 female respondents, who had normal and dry hair were asked to apply Treatment 1 in setup A 10 percent gugo + 90 percent okra. Most of their hairs were concern in length. The respondents treated their hair one by one. They wet their hair first and 20ml of this treatment was employ to the entire crown and was massaged on the scalp. After 1 min. , the hair was rinsed thoroughly with tap water. A clean towel was used to dry and comb their hair slowly. After 1 hour, the effect on the hair was observed using 1 to 4 scales. The following scales were used A. Softness B. Smoothness C.Manageability 1 slightly soft 1 slightly smooth 1 slightly manageable 2 reasonably soft 2 fairly smooth 2 fairly manageable 3 soft 3 smooth 3 manageable 4 very soft 4 very smooth 4 very manageable After having applied and observed the effects of treatment 1 treatments with 90% gugo + 10 % okra were used by the same respondents with the same procedure as of Set up A. Results, reciprocation and Conclusion Phase 1 Significant comparison on the hair strength among the control treatmentsthither was no sig nificant difference on the hair strength, considering the different types of hair. However, the longer the longer the time each type of hair was soaked, the greater the hair strength. Among the four treatments in this phase, the hair strength when soaked in 10 %gugo, were the strongest while water was the weakest. Phase 2 Significant comparison between homemade shampoo and control treatment Normal hair was significantly strongest compared to curly, dry and ethnic. Among the control treatment, hair strength was the strongest when soaked in treatment three 10% gugo. Treatment 1 water was registered the weakest. It was also observed that as the soaking time increased, the hair strength also increased.Phase 3 Significant comparison among homemade shampoo, control treatment, Setup A and Setup B Normal hair was significantly stronger, curly hair was the weakest, while dry and ethnic hair were almost comparable to each other. 10% gugo registered the strongest hair strength, followed by okr a, then okra and gugo. Together, these three treatments were significantly different from all other treatment. The longer the soaking time, the stronger the hair strength. Phase 4 Acceptability of treatments. For normal hair, the two treatments showed no significant differences in terms of smoothness, softness and manageability. The 90% gugo+ 10%okra treatment was fairly manageable and the 10% gugo + 90% okra treatment was manageable.For dry hair, the two treatments showed no significant difference in terms of smoothness, softness. But there was a significant difference of manageability at 0. 5 probability level. Recommendations Based on the findings, the researcher recommends the following 1. Use okra as raw material for making shampoo 2. Further study of the properties of the homemade shampoo to establish the effect on hair 3. Follow-up research must be conducted on the acceptability for other types of hair 4. This research would provide information to those who are interested in the achievement of this product. Bibliography Jumaquio, Francine Faye A. , et. al. , A Feasibility Study of Gugo and Okra as Homemade Shampoo.

The New Narcissism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The New Narcissism - Essay ExampleIn his view, the bodily structure has gradually come to be prime psychological diagnosis in contemporary life.Lasch expresses that most of ripe societies tend to recognize individuals based on a hierarchical alliance that is usually expressed as in form of symbols such as material wealth and a self-indulgent lifestyle. In these societies, birth to other is therefore based and determined by the ability to compete with others on acquiring these symbols. Consequently, these societies experience personality as a means to fostering communication as well as spawn callous competition. Similarly, due to the fact that every person in these societies is focused on acquiring the relationship symbols, most actions done are usually ignored irrespective of their legality thereby conforming to the narcissist traits of neuroticism, passive aggressiveness or obsession to a point of being a bully or an opportunist (Lasch).Another theme that is clearly presented in Laschs idea of narcissism in the baseball club is that pertaining to disregard of the elderly within contemporary narcissist societies. This is possibly because such societies tend to perceive ageing as a sign of weakness in the competition that exists within such societies. The same wooing also applies to those having ill health. Their vast knowledge and wisdom of life is similarly ignored or is considered irrelevant, which is a pathway to their isolation within the society. In other words, such a culture tends to undervalue darkened experience and instead places more emphasis on physical strength and agility such that their com custodytary of productivity exclude the old generation (Lasch).Lasch also presents another is carry out of the perception of women by men in these new narcissists societies. He presents that most women have come to resent men perhaps sue to the constant discrimination that the

Strategies and Tactics of Charleston SC Super Sofa Fire (June18,2007) Research Paper

Strategies and Tactics of Charleston SC Super Sofa give the axe (June18,2007) - Research motif ExampleIt was reported as the greatest single loss of push asidefighters since the bombing incident of the World exchange Center in September 11, 2001 (Newman, 2010).It is believed that the fire started shortly before 7pm, well within the working hours of the store. This is in addition a time when in that respect is significant traffic outside the store. The staff of the store believed that the fire started in the trash outside the loading dock and quickly spread inside loading dock, then to the retail showroom and the annexed warehouse are thereafter. The first call reporting the fire was made to Charleston Fire Department at around 708 pm and units were dispatched a minute later. It took the approximately three minutes to arrive at the scene, an admirable response time. Another battalion from the St. Andrews Public Service District arrived at the scene a minute later to reinforce the initial team. On arrival they observed that there was a trash and debris fire against the docking field of honor wall. A team entered the showroom scarce they didnt observe any obvious fire other than smoke and light at the ceiling tiles where the fire was burning form outside. It has been noted that the Incident Commander opened the door from the dock area leading the showroom prompting an inrush of oxygen which aggravated the fire to enter the showroom. It is thought that the fires fury made it impossible for the commander to close the door to prevent the fire from engulfing the showroom. It is in addition suggested that the fire was slowly burning due to lack of oxygen in the dock area unless the sudden influx of oxygen made it possible for the fire to migrate to the mail retail showroom (Newman, 2010). Approximately forty five minutes later the fire is still razing and a flashover occurs. The home(a) of the showroom erupts into a fireball and collapse sending ashes and debris all over the area. The fire is brought beneath control four hour later but in those four hours six firefighters from the Charleston had

Biography of vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin Essay

Biography of vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin - Essay Exampleand it is from here that she imbibed a strong Christian Faith which she made part of in her High School years to lead the Fellowship of Christian Athletes. She developed a neck for hunting and shooting from her father and became a life long member of the National Rifle Association.Sarah Palin has been an succeeder right through her youth to the present role as running mate for John McCain. She has move up through the ranks to finally occupy the gubernatorial position in Alaska. Before taking over as the 11th governor of the natural resources rich state, she served on the Wasilla City Council and also held the post of the Mayor of Wasilla for ii terms. Under her stewardship, Wasilla became a business friendly place. This Sarah Palin was able to do by bringing down prop tax levels maculation increasing services and spelt out her objective of reducing wasteful expenditure. As governor she used her veto to bring d own wasteful spending by nearly half(prenominal) a billion dollars disuniteing with her own office where she sold the states luxury jet, and eliminated her face-to-face chef and driver.Being the governor of a resource rich state, Sarah Palin had the daunting task of keeping off lobbyists opus at the same time ensuring that the people of her state could reap the benefit of natures bounty. With this in mind, she made energy development her top priority and created Alaskas Petroleum Systems Integrity Office to watch after the oil and gas equipment, and facilities and infrastructure in the state. Her greatest achievement in this field was to start work on the setting up of a $40 billion natural gas business line to help USA become energy independent. It is the largest private-sector infrastructure project in American history. The rise in oil and gas prices led to higher revenues for the state which she pumped back into the local economy while at the same time suspending the fuel t ax in Alaska.As the governor, Sarah Palin also heads the Interstate oil colour and Gas Compact

Economic Globalisation and Developing Nations Essay

Economic globalization and Developing Nations - Essay ExampleThe goal within evolution, or what animals see as good, is the ability to withstand and promulgate their genetic code. What economists see as good, within the world of finance is for wealth to accumulate, for products and services to increment in value and for all to profit and live happily ever after. This is the goal of financial evolution. It sounds so very, very simple, doesnt it Ah, but there is a catch. Given human tendencies, it is impossible for anybody to really have enough. By its very nature, wealth is not a matter of what single has, but rather what one has in comparison to what everyone else has. We really dont want to have enough. Enough does not exist. We want to have more. This notion is middling across the board for all cultures.Further, the animal kingdom is equal to the economic world concerning the degree of disceptation that is involved. However, over time, the competitors have less and less of an advantage over one another, and the playing field is leveled somewhat. Should one introduce a foreign element that has an unfair advantage-an animal with no natural predators and an unlimited solid food source, for example- soon the delicate balance of power between species is torn asunder. Similarly, such an idea can be presented regarding financial globalisation.Financial globalisation is nothing new. ... Enabling framework of financial globalization essentially includes ease and deregulation of the domestic financial sector as well as liberalisation of the capital account. As economies progressively integrate globally, pari passu the financial structures of markets and the world of finance change. Financial globalisation cannot be considered a unexampled phenomenon. Trans-country capital movements are centuries old. (Das, Globalization in the World of Finance) Arguably, the very first European initiate into the area of global finance is Jakob Fugger, son of a wealthy, self-mad e merchant of frameworks. Jakob Fugger used his toehold in the textile industry to expand into finance, with trade posts that stretched from the Mediterranean to the Baltic. (familybusiness.com) Later, the rest of Europe caught on, and The Royal Exchange was created in London, providing a center for English financiers to trade both locally and internationally.By the nineteenth century, it became sensibly evident that funds in the form of paper currency had a good deal less stability in terms of its duty power against foreign currency. The gold standard was therefore established, the reasoning behind it being that gold was much less likely to fluctuate in value notes were redeemable for gold, both within a countrys borders and internationally. This was mean to act as a guarantee that paper currency could be used anywhere, with a fairly similar value, provided these same countries both agreed to the gold standard and operated under it. (This was prefaced by the Bank film Act of 1844, under which the Bank of England declared itself the only legitimate source from which paper money was to be issued.) This standard is no longer used,

CE7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CE7 - hear Examplehin this context of my work throughout this course the metanarrative semiotic twist examines the generative moments, including subordinate and form sentences and paragraphs for my work.Considering the nature of my written work I notice a number of notable features. Ive father to recognize that while I may have not outwardly intentioned it, my musical composition has tended towards a full point of balance. In these regards, my writing has naturally varied between long and short sentences seemingly as a means of greater communicative effectiveness. Such an understanding has made me recognize the nature of effective writing as not simply contained in the mastery of articulation within the specific sentence, but in addition the way that the writer balances varies forms of sentences as a means of communicating a comprehensive perspective.Another fragment of my writing I have recognized is that to a large degree within the individual paragraphs the structural asp ects are directly correlated to the subject matter. While my body paragraphs contain government issue sentences the actual structure therein is largely contingent on the theme of the topic. For instance, in examining Arts of the Contact Zone I recognized that a lengthy analysis with citation was necessary as the expansive nature of the topic demanded further exploration. Conversely, the means of considering auto ethnography in my work necessitated a more direct and short approach. As such the nature of subject and medium considered from a self-reflexive way, are highly prominent in the nature of my work.Still, another important aspect of my work is the nature of development. One of the most pervasive elements is how my work, scorn my remaining unconscious of this process, begins from a broad and overarching context and then moves to more specific elements, before eventually concluding. This structure is both indicative of the entire essay as it begins with the overarching introd uction and moves towards the conclusion, but

Analyse and assess the key issues in managing conflict within the Essay

Analyse and assess the key issues in managing combat within the workplace, with special regard to the relative decline in indu - Essay Example either of these will be used depending on the scenario at hand, which is a task bef all tolding HR managers, as they mustiness correctly assess the scenario and identify which conflict management style would be effective. From a broader perspective, HR professionals should disembodied spirit to equipping their workforce with not only technical skills but also intercultural and interpersonal skills to enable them discern with the rising pressure (Trudel and Reio 2011, p.395). Conflicts at the workplace atomic number 18 inevitable and need not be fe ared as non-existence of them indicates unhealthy work relationships. The focus should be on making the conflicts constructive as constructive conflicts are characterized by increased cooperation, stronger relationships, improved outcome quality, macrocosm mostly cognitive and separating the p erson from the problem. Therefore, managers should look to comme il faut treatment of conflicts rather than eliminating them all together so as to reap these benefits. The primary tool of handling conflicts is talk, according to the communication systems approach, where conflicts are seen to be a result of failed or poor communication betwixt the conflicting parties. There are elements within communication systems established in an organization, where the elements are the parties communicating, medium being used and messages being sent and/or received. When these elements are interconnected, the communication systems adopted may trigger the exploit of conflict. Hence, managers are urged to set up proper communication systems to ensure that where conflicts arise, they are constructive (Collins 2008, p.6). Following the communication systems approach, conflicts are viewed as episodes that occur during the process of communication. These episodes come about when the aforementioned elements interconnect and subsequently all the elements affect the conflict process and its outcomes. In addition, according to this approach, the conflict process arises in two contexts- material and psychological, where the former refers to the attributes of the actual physical environment such as the size of the room, noise in the touch area and how furniture is arranged within the room. The latter refers to culture of an organization that determines how communication will slay place both these contexts affect the way in which the sender constructs the message and the way the recipient interprets it (Collins 2008, p.6). disregarding of the approach to be adopted, HR should understand that failure to properly handle conflicts within the workplace increases the take aim along with frequency of future conflicts. This goes on to affect productivity, job performance and employee learning. Closely linked to conflict management styles is workplace incivility as it is seen to determ ine the outcome. Workplace incivility refers to individual responses to certain scenarios that are brought about by negative actions. These responses may be counterproductive and as such should be monitored to countermand further escalation and repeat of workplace conflicts. When dealing with conflicts it is important to look into the instigators together with the targets of deviant behaviour and also consider that deviant behaviour could be a trigger, cause or outcome of workplace conflicts. special exchanges as a result of deviant behaviour create a conflict spiral where a conflict will be seen to escalate and possibly spread to

No Smoking Legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

No Smoking Legislation - Essay ExampleThe peg downd locations for the display have homogeneous characteristics, they all holds large number of persons. The legislation has some exceptions to particular business premises the law allows the businesses to designate or allocate enclosed regions where their customers can smoke. No smoking legislation is effective in cut health occupations in the population (Ahn, 2012). Different countries globally have adopted the legislation subsequently carrying knocked out(p) researches. There has been evident change in terms of health as a result of the veto cases related with both active and unresisting smoking drastically reduced. Personally, I support the toss out or no smoking legislation, with the bar it has reduced the number of children admitted as result of asthmatic attacks in hospital at both United States and United Kingdom (Carter, 2012). Children are the most victims of passive smoking in the society, hence, ban in public smoking will be an initiative to safeguard childrens and passive smokers health. Statistics shows that before the ban, the percentage of children being admitted due to serious asthma attacks were increasing by 2.2% each year in United States. later on the implementation of the no smoking legislation, the percentage of children ingress accordingly to asthmatic attack reduced by 12.3% and there is further reduction by 3% annually. Other research conducted in Scotland and china had similar outcome, reflecting in the reduction of public health problem because of passive or active smoking. Therefore, on personal perspective, the ban on public smoking should cross to be implemented (Carter, 2012). Past and Current Cases Related To Ban There have been many cases that evolved after execution of no smoking in public policy, which are both positive and negative. On the past tense cases, after public ban, there was court entreaty at Ohio to stop implementation of the law. People who fi take the petition were citizens and other business personalities. For the business owners, they filled their petition citing that the law was invading on the business property rights, hence affecting their ability to generate income (Ahn, 2012). Citizen filed petition on the ground that it affect their personal life, then citing that the law should either be amended or abolished. After implementation of the law, there has been imposition of delightful to the public and private premises that violates the act. Many businesses have been taken to court after failing to await to the law. In some of the past cases where bars at Ohio failed to respect laws bars did not have posters on No smoking and it allowed its citizens to smoke in public. The magistrate fined the bars showing examples to other business to abide to the provided decree. After the attainment of ban in several parts globally, countries have gone further to abolish or prohibits advertisement of tobacco product. Some countries pr ohibited Tobacco Company to sponsor any sporting events. The ban of sponsorship and advertisement in the European Union (EU) in the year 2005 impelled formula one vigilance to find other ways, which allows display of the livery or racing color of tobacco sponsorship (Gilleskie & Strumpf, 2000). These later led to some of the scheduled races to be cancelled in the

Annotated Bibliography for Africa's Hunger Essay

Annotated Bibliography for Africas Hunger - Essay poserThis has made it impossible for some African countries because they lack personnel to work in industries for production of food. For this reason, the estimate of poverty still goes high as people do not earn an income. HIV/ support has resulted further to deaths resulting in desperation amongst some Africans to the extent that they atomic number 18 discouraged to work and produce food. In the end, they die of hunger. The contents of this newspaper article give information on how this situation has beseem bearing threatening in Africa. Hunger in Africa Hearing before the Subcommittee on African Affairs of the commission on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, Second Session, March 1, 1984. Washington U.S. G.P.O., 1984. Print. This book was written following a hearing that had been held in 1984, on the basis of African affairs inclusive of the hunger problem that had started become a problem in the continent. They spoke of the unfair trade markets and how it affected the peoples concern of goods across continents Unfair trade markets has alike contributed to hunger in one way or another, the exporting of food crops has become very lucrative in Africa, but the problem arises because the crops creation exported are being underpaid and the freight charges are high. This still hinders the contractth of GDP. It contributes to hunger as it increases the rate of hunger in the race out-of-pocket to poverty. Pantaleo, C. and S. Jaspars. Cash Transfer Programming in Emergencies, Oxfam Skills and Practice series, Oxford Oxfam. (2005). Print. C. Pantaleo has written this book on how the back up are distributed and how effectively that should be done. He speaks of Africas dependency on some of his financing. Dependence on donor funding has made more people in Africa not work for their food. They do not look for sustainable measures to end poverty and food insecurity in their regi ons. The wait for donor funding and food aids from the various donors for their survival. He mentions that this is what is pulling down Africa in terms of being funded passim and not working on sustainable means of survival. Karapinar, Baris and Christian Haberli. Food Crises and the WTO World Trade Forum. Cambridge, UK Cambridge UP, 2010. Print. B. Karapinar wrote a book that capitalized on issues to do with the food crises in Africa. He mentioned the dire effects of the hunger in the continent. He gave a brief explanation on what this crisis entails and its relations with the WTO. The results of hunger in some of these regions are death due to starvation, malnutrition in children and adults due to lack of nutritious foods there is a tone ending of cosmos that is brought about by the deaths that occur due to hunger, the economy is crippled even more because of poverty. Hunger also makes people to migrate a lot as they evade the death due to hunger. There is loss of biodiversity and habitat disturbance that come about due to cutting down of trees by people to grow food crops. The latter also brings about human wildlife conflict as a result of deforestation too. People end up encroaching forested areas as they search for fertile lands to grow their foods. kidskin mortality due to hunger also increases. Diseases caused by hunger have become rampant due to the condition, for example, children get malnourished and eventually die. For example, in East Africa, Kenya, there have been instances when people died of hunger in Turkana. Lavy,